Rig Veda 1.10

Rig Veda 1.10

??i (sage/seer): madhucchand?? vai?v?mitra? [madhucchandas vai?v?mitra];
Devat? (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): vir??nu??up ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

??????? ???? ???????????????????????????? ?
?????????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?
g?yanti tv? g?yatri?o 'rcanty arkam arki?a? |
brahm??as tv? ?atakrata ud va??am iva yemire ||

Rig Veda 1.10.1

“The chanters (of the Soma) hymn you, ?atakratu; the reciters of the ?k praise you, who are worthy of praise; the Bra-hma?as raise you aloft, like a bamboo pole.”

???????? ?????????????????????? ???????? ?
????????? ????? ????? ????? ??????????? ?
yat s?no? s?num ?ruhad bh?ry aspa??a kartvam |
tad indro artha? cetati y?thena v???ir ejati ||

Rig Veda 1.10.2

“Indra, the showever (of blessings), knows the object (of his worshipper), who has performed many acts of worship (with the Soma gathered) on the ridges of the mountain, and (therefore) comes with the troop (of Maruts).”

???????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????????? ?
??? ? ?????? ????? ?????????????? ?? ?
yuk?v? hi ke?in? har? v??a?? kak?yapr? |
ath? na indra somap? gir?m upa?ruti? cara ||

Rig Veda 1.10.3

“Indra, drinker of the Soma, having put to your long-maned, vigorous, and well-conditioned steeds, come nigh to hear our praises.”

??? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ?
?????? ? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ? ????? ?
ehi stom?m? abhi svar?bhi g???hy ? ruva |
brahma ca no vaso sacendra yajña? ca vardhaya ||

Rig Veda 1.10.4

“Come, Vasu, (to this our rite); reply to our hymns, answer (to our praises), respond to (our prayers); be propitious, Indra, to our sacrifice, and (bestow upon us abundant) food.”

????????????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ?
????? ??? ?????? ?? ????????????? ? ?
uktham indr?ya ?a?sya? vardhanam puruni??idhe |
?akro yath? sute?u ?o r?ra?at sakhye?u ca ||

Rig Veda 1.10.5

“The hymn, the cause of increase, is to be repeated to Indra, the repeller of many foes, that ?akra may speak (with kindness) to our sons and to our friends.”

??????????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ?
? ???? ?? ?? ?????????? ??? ?????? ?
tam it sakhitva ?mahe ta? r?ye ta? suv?rye |
sa ?akra uta na? ?akad indro vasu dayam?na? ||

Rig Veda 1.10.6

“We have recourse to Indra for his friendship, for wealth, for perfect might; for he, the powerful Indra, conferring wealth, is able (to protect us).

???????? ????????????? ?????????????? ?
????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ?
suviv?ta? sunirajam indra tv?d?tam id ya?a? |
gav?m apa vraja? v?dhi k??u?va r?dho adriva? ||

Rig Veda 1.10.7

“Indra, by you is food (rendered) everywhere abundant, easy of attainment, and assuredly perfect; wielder of the thunderbolt, set open the cow-pastures, and provide (ample) wealth.”

??? ???? ????? ??? ?????????????? ?
???? ??????????? ?? ?? ???????? ?????? ?
nahi tv? rodas? ubhe ?gh?yam??am invata? |
je?a? svarvat?r apa? sa? g? asmabhya? dh?nuhi ||

Rig Veda 1.10.8

“Heaven and earth are unable to sustain you when destroying your enemies; you may command the waters of heaven; send us lberally kine.”

??????????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????????? ?? ???? ?
?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????????????? ?
??rutkar?a ?rudh? hava? n? cid dadhi?va me gira? |
indra stomam imam mama k??v? yuja? cid antaram ||

Rig Veda 1.10.9

“Oh! your whose ears hear all things, listen quickly to my invocation; hold in your heart my praises; keep near to you this my hymn, as it were (the words of) a friend.”

?????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ?
?????????? ???? ???? ???????????? ?
vidm? hi tv? v??antama? v?je?u havana?rutam |
v??antamasya h?maha ?ti? sahasras?tam?m ||

Rig Veda 1.10.10

“We know you, liberal rainer (of blessings), the hearer of our call in battles; we invoke the thousand-fold profitable protection of you, the showerer (of bounties).”

? ?? ? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ?
????????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????????????? ?
? t? na indra kau?ika mandas?na? sutam piba |
navyam ?yu? pra s? tira k?dh? sahasras?m ??im ||

Rig Veda 1.10.11

“Come quickly, Indra, sone of Ku?ika, delighted drink the libation; prolong the life that merits commendation; make me, who am a ??i abundantly endowed (with possessions).”

??? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?
??????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?
pari tv? girva?o gira im? bhavantu vi?vata? |
v?ddh?yum anu v?ddhayo ju??? bhavantu ju??aya? ||

Rig Veda 1.10.12

“May these our praises be on all occasions around you, deserver of praise; may they augment the power of you, who are long-lived, and being agreeable to you, may they yield delight (to us).”

Commentary by S?ya?a: ?gveda-bh??ya

G?yatri?a? = lit. those who use g?yatr? metre: udg?t?, chanter of S?ma hymns; Arki?a? = reciters of the ?c?: hot?; Br?ma?a? = brahm? of a sacrifice, a priest so denominated and other br?hma?as (or, utterers of prayer. tv? va"??am iva udyemire, they have raised you like a bamboo (va??o vana?ayo bhavati vanan?cchr?yata iti v? (Nirukta. 5.5); they have elevated Indra, as tumblers raise a bamboo pole, on the summit of which they balance themselves; Va??a = family (i.e. as ambitious person ns raise their family to consequence).

Yat s?no? s?num ?ruhat, mounting from ridge to ridge: this is said of the yajam?na, who goes to the mountain to gather soma for bruising, or fuel for the fire, or other articles required for the ceremony

Kak?yapr? = lit. filling out their girths, i.e. well-conditioned

Vasu = Indra, the original donor or cause of habitations; from vas, to dwell, niv?sak?ra?a-bh?ta

?akra = Indra, the powerful; from ?ak = to be able

Lit. Indra, as the sender of rain, should fertilize the fields, and by providing abundant pasturage, enable the cattle to yield store of milk.

Vi?v?mitra, the sage, is the son of Ku?ika; Legend: Ku?ika, the son of I?irathi, was desirous of a son equal to Indra; he did penance and Indra was born as the son of G?thi (G?dhi) (Anukrama?ik? 3.1): ku?ikastvai??rathirindratulyam putramicchan brahmacarya cac?ra; tasyendra eva g?th? putro jajñe

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

??????? ? ???? ? ????????? ? ???????? ? ?????? ? ??????? ? ????????? ? ???? ? ??????? ??? ??????? ? ??? ? ??????? ? ?????? ?
g?yanti | tv? | g?yatri?a? | arcanti | arkam | arki?a? | brahm??a? | tv? | ?atakrato iti?ata-krato | ut | va??am-iva | yemire

??? ? ????? ? ?????? ? ? ? ?????? ? ???? ? ??????? ? ???????? ? ??? ? ??????? ? ?????? ? ????? ? ????? ? ??????? ? ???? ?
yat | s?no? | s?num | ? | aruhat | bh?ri | aspa??a | kartvam | tat | indra? | artham | cetati | y?thena | v???i? | ejati

??????? ? ?? ? ?????? ? ??? ??? ? ????? ? ?????????? ? ?? ? ?? ? ?????? ? ?????? ? ?????? ? ?????????? ? ?? ?
yuk?va | hi | ke?in? | har? iti | v??a?? | kak?ya-pr? | atha | na? | indra | soma-p?? | gir?m | upa-?rutim | cara

? ? ??? ? ???????? ? ??? ? ???? ? ??? ? ?????? ? ? ? ??? ? ?????? ? ? ? ?? ? ??? ??? ? ??? ? ?????? ? ?????? ? ? ? ????? ?
? | ihi | stom?n | abhi | svara | abhi | g???hi | ? | ruva | brahma | ca | na? | vaso iti | sac? | indra | yajñam | ca | vardhaya

?????? ? ???????? ? ??????? ? ??????? ? ??????????? ? ????? ? ??? ? ?????? ? ?? ? ????? ? ??????? ? ? ?
uktham | indr?ya | ?a?syam | vardhanam | puruni?-sidhe | ?akra? | yath? | sute?u | na? | rara?at | sakhye?u | ca

??? ? ??? ? ??????? ? ???? ? ??? ? ???? ? ??? ? ???????? ? ?? ? ????? ? ?? ? ?? ? ???? ? ??????? ? ??? ? ?????? ?
tam | it | sakhi-tve | ?mahe | tam | r?ye | tam | su-v?rye | sa? | ?akra? | uta | na? | ?akat | indra? | vasu | dayam?na?

????????? ? ????????? ? ?????? ? ????????? ? ??? ? ??? ? ????? ? ?? ? ?????? ? ???? ? ??????? ? ???? ? ??????? ?
su-viv?tam | suni?-ajam | indra | tv?d?tam | it | ya?a? | gav?m | apa | vrajam | v?dhi | k??u?va | r?dha? | adri-va?

??? ? ???? ? ????? ??? ? ??? ??? ? ????????? ? ?????? ? ???? ? ???????? ? ??? ? ??? ? ??? ? ????????? ? ?????? ?
nahi | tv? | rodas? iti | ubhe iti | ?gh?yam??am | invata? | je?a? | sva?-vat?? | apa? | sam | g?? | asmabhyam | dh?nuhi

??????????? ? ?????? ? ???? ? ?? ? ???? ? ?????? ? ?? ? ???? ? ?????? ? ??????? ? ???? ? ?? ? ????? ? ???? ? ???? ? ??????? ?
??rut-kar?a | ?rudhi | havam | n? | cit | dadhi?va | me | gira? | indra | stomam | imam | mama | k??va | yuja? | cit | antaram

????? ? ?? ? ???? ? ????????? ? ?????? ? ?????????? ? ?????????? ? ????? ? ????? ? ???????????? ?
vidma | hi | tv? | v??an-tamam | v?je?u | havana-?rutam | v??an-tamasya | h?mahe | ?tim | sahasra-s?tam?m

? ? ?? ? ?? ? ?????? ? ????? ? ???????? ? ????? ? ??? ? ?????? ? ???? ? ??? ? ?? ? ??? ? ???? ? ????????? ? ????? ?
? | tu | na? | indra | kau?ika | mandas?na? | sutam | piba | navyam | ?yu? | pra | su | tira | k?dhi | sahasra-s?m | ??im

??? ? ???? ? ??????? ? ???? ? ???? ? ?????? ? ??????? ? ?????????? ? ??? ? ??????? ? ??????? ? ?????? ? ??????? ?
pari | tv? | girva?a? | gira? | im?? | bhavantu | vi?vata? | v?ddha-?yum | anu | v?ddhaya? | ju???? | bhavantu | ju??aya?

Multi-layer Annotation of the ?gveda

[Rigveda 1.10 English analysis of grammar]

'rcanty < arcanti < arc
[verb], plural, Present indikative. “sing; worship; honor; praise; welcome.”

?
[adverb] “towards; ?k?ra; until; ?; since; according to; ? [suffix].”

abhi
[adverb] “towards; on.”

arkam < arka
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine. “Calotropis gigantea Beng.; sun; copper; Surya; hymn; twelve; fire; beam.”

arki?a? < arkin
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

aspa??a < pa?
[verb], singular, Root aorist (Ind.) “see; view; watch; meet; observe; think of; look; examine; behold; visit; understand.”

?ruhad < ?ruhat < ?ruh < ?ruh
[verb], singular, Imperfect. “board; hop on; climb; ascend; descend; ride; copulate; grow.”

artha? < artham < artha
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine. “for; meaning; purpose; sense; wealth; object of sense; matter; aim; money; message; object; artha [word]; wealth; function; content; topic; property; situation; reason; affair; concern; reason; enterprise; reason; cause; five; application; application.”

ath? < atha
[adverb] “now; then; furthermore; now; then.”

apa
[adverb] “away.”

apa? < ap
[noun], accusative, plural, feminine. “water; body of water; water; ap [word]; juice; jala.”

adriva? < adrivas < adrivat
[noun], vocative, singular, masculine. “rocky; petrous.”

asmabhya? < asmabhyam < mad
[noun], dative, plural. “I; mine.”

??rutkar?a < ??rut
[noun]

??rutkar?a < kar?a
[noun], vocative, singular, masculine. “ear; Kar?a; kar?a [word]; auricle; fluke; diameter; lobule.”

?yu? < ?yus
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter. “life; longevity; ?yus; life; ?yus [word]; ?yus.”

anu
[adverb] “subsequently; behind; along; towards; because.”

antaram < antara
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine. “another(a); other; interior; different; near; intermediate; following.”

bhavantu < bh?
[verb], plural, Present imperative. “become; be; originate; transform; happen; result; exist; be born; be; be; come to life; grow; elapse; come to mind; thrive; become; impend; show; conceive; understand; stand; constitute; serve; apply; behave.”

bh?ry < bh?ri
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter. “much; many; much(a); abundant; rich; mighty; distinguished.”

brahma < brahman
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter. “brahman; mantra; prayer; spell; Veda; Brahmin; sacred text; final emancipation; hymn; brahman [word]; Br?hma?a; study.”

brahm??as < brahm??a? < brahman
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine. “Brahma; Brahmin; dhak; Brahman; brahman [word]; Brahman; Brahmin; Brahmapur??a; Vishnu; Brihaspati.”

ca
[adverb] “and; besides; then; now; even.”

cetati < cit
[verb], singular, Present indikative. “notice; observe; attend to; intend.”

cara < car
[verb], singular, Present imperative. “car; wander; perform; travel; bore; produce; make; dwell; dig; act; observe; enter (a state); observe; cause; crop; behave; practice; heed; process; administer.”

cid < cit
[adverb] “even; indeed.”

dh?nuhi < dh?
[verb], singular, Present imperative. “shake; remove; chase away.”

dadhi?va < dh?
[verb], singular, Perfect imperative. “put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”

dayam?na? < day
[verb noun], nominative, singular. “share.”

ehi < e < ?i
[verb], singular, Present imperative. “come; travel.”

ejati < ej
[verb], singular, Present indikative. “move; stir; tremble; travel.”

g?yanti < g?
[verb], plural, Present indikative. “sing; praise; jap; recite; describe.”

g?yatri?o < g?yatri?a? < g?yatrin
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

gir?m < gir
[noun], genitive, plural, feminine. “hymn; praise; voice; words; invocation; command; statement; cry; language.”

g???hy < g???hi < g?
[verb], singular, Present imperative. “praise.”

gav?m < go
[noun], genitive, plural. “cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”

g? < g?? < go
[noun], accusative, plural. “cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”

gira? < gir
[noun], accusative, plural, feminine. “hymn; praise; voice; words; invocation; command; statement; cry; language.”

girva?o < girva?a? < girva?as
[noun], vocative, singular, masculine .

gira < gira? < gir
[noun], nominative, plural, feminine. “hymn; praise; voice; words; invocation; command; statement; cry; language.”

hi
[adverb] “because; indeed; for; therefore; hi [word].”

har? < hari
[noun], accusative, dual, masculine. “Vishnu; monkey; Krishna; horse; lion; Indra; Hari; Surya; Hari; harit?la; Hari; snake; frog.”

hava? < havam < hava
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine. “invocation.”

havana?rutam < havana
[noun], neuter. “invocation.”

havana?rutam < ?rutam < ?rut
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine. “listening.”

h?maha < h?mahe < hv?
[verb], plural, Present indikative. “raise; call on; call; summon.”

indro < indra? < indra
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine. “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

indra
[noun], vocative, singular, masculine. “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

indr?ya < indra
[noun], dative, singular, masculine. “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

invata? < inv
[verb], dual, Present indikative. “bring; drive.”

id
[adverb] “indeed; assuredly; entirely.”

iva
[adverb] “like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

it < id
[adverb] “indeed; assuredly; entirely.”

imam < idam
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine. “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

im? < im?? < idam
[noun], nominative, plural, feminine. “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

?mahe < ? < ?i
[verb], plural, Present indikative. “beg; solicit.”

je?a? < ji
[verb], singular, Aorist conj./subj. “overcome; cure; win; conquer; control; win; succeed; remove; beat; govern; surpass; suppress.”

ju??? < ju???? < ju?
[verb noun], nominative, plural. “enjoy; endow; possess; frequent; accompany; induce; consume; approve; affect; attend; befit; blend; contract.”

ju??aya? < ju??i
[noun], nominative, plural, feminine. “satisfaction; enjoyment.”

kartvam < k?
[verb noun], accusative, singular. “make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; k?; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”

k??u?va < k?
[verb], singular, Present imperative. “make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; k?; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”

k??v? < k?
[verb], singular, Aorist imperative. “make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; k?; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”

k?dh? < k?dhi < k?
[verb], singular, Aorist imperative. “make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; k?; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”

ke?in? < ke?in
[noun], accusative, dual, masculine. “haired.”

kak?yapr? < kak?ya
[noun], neuter. “cinch.”

kak?yapr? < pr?
[noun], accusative, dual, masculine. “appreciated.”

kau?ika
[noun], vocative, singular, masculine. “Vi?v?mitra; Indra; Kau?ika; kau?ika [word]; Vishnu; Shiva.”

me < mad
[noun], genitive, singular. “I; mine.”

mama < mad
[noun], genitive, singular. “I; mine.”

mandas?na? < mand
[verb noun], nominative, singular. “rejoice; exhilarate.”

na < na? < mad
[noun], genitive, plural. “I; mine.”

nahi
[adverb]

no < na? < mad
[noun], genitive, plural. “I; mine.”

na? < mad
[noun], dative, plural. “I; mine.”

n? < nu
[adverb] “now; already.”

navyam < navya
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter. “new; fresh.”

piba < p?
[verb], singular, Present imperative. “drink; gulp; soak; drink; suck; inhale.”

pra
[adverb] “towards; ahead.”

pari
[adverb] “from; about; around.”

puruni??idhe < puru
[noun] “many; much(a); very.”

puruni??idhe < ni??idhe < ni??idh
[noun], dative, singular, masculine

??im < ??i
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine. “??i; spiritual teacher; ascetic; Mantra.”

r?ra?at < ran
[verb], singular, Perfect conjunctive (subj.). “rejoice.”

ruva < ru
[verb], singular, Present imperative. “bellow; howl.”

r?ye < rai
[noun], dative, singular, masculine. “wealth; possession; rai [word]; gold.”

r?dho < r?dha? < r?dhas
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter. “gift; munificence; liberality; bounty.”

rodas? < rodas
[noun], nominative, dual, neuter. “heaven and earth; Earth.”

?gh?yam??am < ?gh?y
[verb noun], accusative, singular

?atakrata < ?atakrato < ?atakratu
[noun], vocative, singular, masculine. “Indra.”

s?no? < s?nu
[noun], ablative, singular, masculine. “tableland; ridge; peak; back; ridge; guru.”

s?num < s?nu
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine. “tableland; ridge; peak; back; ridge; guru.”

somap? < soma
[noun], masculine. “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

somap? < p?? < p?
[noun], vocative, singular, masculine. “drinking.”

stom?? < stoma
[noun], accusative, plural, masculine. “hymn; Stoma; stoma [word].”

svar?bhi < svara < svar
[verb], singular, Present imperative. “sing.”

svar?bhi < abhi
[adverb] “towards; on.”

sacendra < sac?
[adverb] “jointly.”

sacendra < indra
[noun], vocative, singular, masculine. “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

sakhye?u < sakhya
[noun], locative, plural, neuter. “friendship; aid; company.”

sakhitva < sakhi
[noun] “friend; companion; sakhi [word].”

sakhitva < tve < tva
[noun], locative, singular, neuter. “state; quality; cause; reason.”

?akad < ?akat < ?ak
[verb], singular, Aorist conj./subj. “can; invigorate.”

suv?rye < su
[adverb] “very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

suv?rye < v?rye < v?rya
[noun], locative, singular, neuter. “potency; v?rya; heroism; potency; strength; semen; power; deed; active agent; efficacy; v?ryap?ramit?; gold; vigor; v?rya [word]; virility; manfulness; jewel; force.”

sa < tad
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine. “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

?a?sya? < ?a?syam < ?a?s
[verb noun], nominative, singular. “recommend; tell; praise; approve; communicate; recite; commend; bode; name; agree.”

?akro < ?akra? < ?akra
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine. “Indra; Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight et Arn.; ivory tree.”

sute?u < suta
[noun], locative, plural, masculine. “Soma.”

suviv?ta? < suviv?tam < suviv?t
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

sunirajam < suniraja
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

sa? < sam
[adverb] “sam; together; together; sa?.”

svarvat?r < svarvat?? < svarvat
[noun], accusative, plural, feminine. “bright; bright.”

sahasras?tam?m < sahasra
[noun], neuter. “thousand; one-thousandth; sahasra [word].”

sahasras?tam?m < s?tam?m < s?tama
[noun], accusative, singular, feminine.

sutam < suta
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine. “Soma.”

s? < su
[adverb] “very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

sahasras?m < sahasra
[noun], neuter. “thousand; one-thousandth; sahasra [word].”

sahasras?m < s?m < s?
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine. “winning.”

stomam < stoma
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine. “hymn; Stoma; stoma [word].”

?rudh? < ?ru
[verb], singular, Aorist imperative. “listen; come to know; hear; hear; listen; study; heed; learn.”

tad < tat < tad
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter. “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

tv? < tvad
[noun], accusative, singular. “you.”

t? < tu
[adverb] “now; then; but; and; now; however; then; then; surely.”

tira < t?
[verb], singular, Present imperative. “traverse; overcome; float; rescue; reach; satisfy.”

tam < tad
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine. “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

tv?d?tam < tv?d?ta
[noun], nominative, singular, neuter

?ti? < ?tim < ?ti
[noun], accusative, singular, feminine. “aid; favor; ?ti [word].”

ud
[adverb] “up.”

upa?ruti? < upa?rutim < upa?ruti
[noun], accusative, singular, feminine. “listening; divination.”

uktham < uktha
[noun], nominative, singular, neuter. “hymn; praise; uktha [word]; encomium.”

uta
[adverb] “and; besides; uta [indecl.]; similarly; alike; even.”

ubhe < ubh
[noun], nominative, dual, neuter. “both (a).”

va??am < va??a
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine. “dynasty; bamboo; lineage; genealogy; family; va??a [word]; Sal tree; batch; bridge; beam.”

v???ir < v???i? < v???i
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine. “V???i; ram.”

v??a?? < v??a?a
[noun], accusative, dual, masculine

vraja? < vrajam < vraja
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine. “cow pen; Vraja; battalion; Vraja; Vraja; vraja [word]; vraj; herd; flock; group.”

v?dhi < v?
[verb], singular, Aorist imperative. “surround; accompany; cover; cover; obstruct; check; spread; envelop.”

vardhaya < vardhay < ?v?dh
[verb], singular, Present imperative. “increase; strengthen; promote; rear; add; greet; laud.”

vaso < vasu
[noun], vocative, singular, masculine. “good; good; benign; vasu [word].”

vardhanam < vardhana
[noun], nominative, singular, neuter. “increasing; fortifying; promotive; prolonging.”

vi?vata? < vi?vatas
[adverb] “everywhere; around; about.”

v?ddh?yum < v?ddha < v?dh
[verb noun] “increase; grow; v?dh; increase; succeed; strengthen; grow up; spread.”

v?ddh?yum < ?yum < ?yu
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

v?ddhayo < v?ddhaya? < v?ddhi
[noun], nominative, plural, feminine. “increase; v?ddhi; v?ddhi; growth; swelling; interest; improvement; teens; erection; benefit; prolongation; multiplication; increase.”

vidm? < vidma < vid
[verb], plural, Perfect indicative. “know; diagnose; perceive; know; accord; notice; deem; mind; learn; specify; watch; recognize; detect; call.”

v??antama? < v??antamam < v??antama
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine.

v??antamasya < v??antama
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine .

yat
[adverb] “once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

yath?
[adverb] “equally; as; so that; like; how; yath? [word]; that; wherein.”

yemire < yam
[verb], plural, Perfect indicative. “concentrate; grant; restrain; cause; control; offer; cover; raise.”

y?thena < y?tha
[noun], instrumental, singular, masculine. “herd; troop; battalion.”

yuk?v? < yuj
[verb], singular, Aorist imperative. “mix; use; endow; yoke; accompany; to practice Yoga; connect; hire; administer; compound; affect; add; concentrate; unite; join; prosecute; combine; supply; compound; attach to; appoint; fill; process; mobilize; mount; complement; eat; join; treat; coincide; affect; challenge.”

yajña? < yajñam < yajña
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine. “yajña; religious ceremony; Vishnu; yajña [word]; Yajña; Shiva.”

ya?a? < ya?as
[noun], nominative, singular, neuter. “fame; Ya?as.”

yuja? < yuja? < yuj
[noun], ablative, singular, masculine. “ally; friend; pair; two; companion.”